Sodium (Na)

Sodium (Na) is a vital electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of fluids in the body, nerve function, and muscle contractions. It helps regulate water balance, supports blood pressure, and is essential for proper nerve and muscle activity.

Normal Sodium Levels

• Males and Females: 135–145 mmol/L
• Children: Similar range (exact values may vary slightly based on laboratory reference standards)

Functions of Sodium in the Body

• Water Balance: Regulates the amount of water in and around cells.
• Blood Pressure Maintenance: Helps control blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.
• Nerve Function: Essential for transmitting nerve impulses.
• Muscle Contraction: Plays a key role in muscle function, including the heart muscle.

Health Implications of Sodium Imbalance

Low Sodium (Hyponatremia)

Low sodium levels can lead to:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Confusion
• Seizures
• In severe cases, coma

High Sodium (Hypernatremia)

High sodium levels may result in:

• Thirst
• Fatigue
• Irritability
• Muscle twitching
• Confusion

Diseases Diagnosed by a Sodium Test

A sodium test can help diagnose conditions such as:

• Dehydration
• Kidney Disease
• Hormonal Imbalances: Such as hyperaldosteronism

When is the Sodium Test Used?

• When a person shows signs of fluid imbalance (e.g., swelling, confusion, unusual thirst)
• To diagnose and monitor conditions that affect kidney and adrenal function
• In emergencies where immediate correction is necessary to prevent severe complications