Hepatitis B – Surface Antigen (HBsAG)

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The Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBsAb) test, also known as the anti-HBs test, is a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies against the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the bloodstream. This test is pivotal in determining immunity to HBV, either from past infection or vaccination.

Normal Range

The normal range for HBsAb can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and testing methods used. Generally, the presence of HBsAb indicates immunity to HBV, and the results are interpreted as follows:

– Positive (≥ 10 mIU/mL): Indicates immunity to Hepatitis B, either through vaccination or recovery from a past infection.

– Negative (< 10 mIU/mL): Indicates no immunity to Hepatitis B, and the individual is susceptible to infection.

These ranges apply universally across all populations, including males, females, and children.

Function in the Body

The primary function of HBsAb in the body is to provide immunity against the Hepatitis B virus. When the body is exposed to the virus, either through infection or vaccination, the immune system produces these antibodies to fight off the virus and prevent it from causing disease.

Diseases Revealed by the Test

The HBsAb test reveals the following conditions:

– Immunity to Hepatitis B: A positive result indicates that the person has immunity, which can be due to either previous vaccination or recovery from an HBV infection.

– Susceptibility to Hepatitis B: A negative result indicates that the person is not immune and is at risk of HBV infection.

Symptoms of Brucellosis

Although not directly related to the HBsAb test, understanding symptoms of other infections like brucellosis can be helpful:

– Fever

– Sweats

– Fatigue

– Muscle pain

– Joint pain

– Headaches

– Weight loss

Symptoms of Deficiency and Overdose

For the HBsAb test, the concepts of deficiency and overdose apply to immunity levels rather than traditional nutrient deficiency or overdose:

– Deficiency (Negative Result): Susceptibility to Hepatitis B, with symptoms of potential HBV infection including jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark urine.

– Overdose (Not applicable): Excess antibodies do not cause adverse effects; higher antibody levels simply indicate robust immunity.

Diagnosis

The HBsAb test is used primarily for the following diagnostic purposes:

– Post-vaccination Testing:To confirm immunity after receiving the Hepatitis B vaccine.

– Post-infection Testing: To verify recovery and immunity after a past HBV infection.

– Screening Before Employment: Especially in healthcare settings to ensure workers are immune to HBV.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why is the HBsAb test important?

The HBsAb test is crucial for determining immunity to Hepatitis B, which helps in managing and preventing the spread of HBV.

2. How is the HBsAb test performed?

A blood sample is drawn from the patient and tested in a laboratory to detect the presence and level of HBsAb.

3. What does a positive HBsAb result mean?

A positive result indicates that the individual is immune to Hepatitis B, either from past infection or vaccination.

4. Can I get vaccinated if my HBsAb test is negative?

Yes, a negative result means you are not immune to Hepatitis B, and vaccination is recommended to protect against the virus.

5. How often should the HBsAb test be done?

The test is typically done once after vaccination or if there’s a need to confirm immunity, such as before starting a new job in healthcare.

6. Can the HBsAb levels decrease over time?

Yes, antibody levels can decrease, but the immune system retains a memory of the virus, often providing long-lasting immunity.

7. Is there a difference in HBsAb levels between adults and children?

The interpretation of HBsAb levels is generally the same across all age groups, but children’s immune responses can vary, sometimes requiring follow-up vaccinations.

 

In conclusion, the HBsAb test is a vital tool in the prevention and management of Hepatitis B, ensuring individuals are protected and helping control the spread of this potentially serious virus.

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