HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

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Bicarbonate (HCO3) is an essential component of the body’s buffering system, maintaining acid-base balance and supporting various physiological functions.

Normal Range

• Females: 22-29 mmol/L
• Males: 22-29 mmol/L
• Children: 20-28 mmol/L

Function in the Body

HCO3 plays a critical role in maintaining pH balance by:

• Regulating blood pH within the range of 7.35-7.45
• Facilitating CO2 transport from tissues via the bloodstream
• Neutralizing excess hydrogen ions to prevent acidosis
• Supporting enzymatic reactions that depend on stable pH levels

Diseases Revealed by the Test

• Metabolic Acidosis: Low HCO3 levels may be seen in conditions such as kidney failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, and lactic acidosis.
• Metabolic Alkalosis: High HCO3 levels can be caused by prolonged vomiting, diuretic use, or excessive bicarbonate intake.
• Respiratory Acidosis or Alkalosis: Imbalances can also occur from lung diseases affecting CO2 levels.

Symptoms of Abnormal HCO3 Levels

Low HCO3 (Acidosis)

• Fatigue
• Confusion
• Rapid breathing
• Nausea
• Headaches

High HCO3 (Alkalosis)

• Muscle twitching
• Hand tremors
• Numbness or tingling
• Dizziness
• Irregular heartbeat

Symptoms of Deficiency and Overdose

• Deficiency Symptoms: Increased acidity in blood and urine, shortness of breath, weakness, and in severe cases, shock.
• Overdose Symptoms: Reduced calcium levels causing muscle spasms, confusion, slowed breathing, and an increased risk of kidney stones.

Diagnosis

HCO3 levels are measured as part of arterial blood gas (ABG) or venous blood tests to assess acid-base balance, diagnose kidney or lung diseases, and monitor treatment responses for metabolic disorders.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why is HCO3 important?
   It’s vital for maintaining pH balance, supporting enzyme function, and ensuring metabolic stability.
2. What causes low HCO3 levels?
   Conditions such as kidney disease, severe diarrhea, or diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to low bicarbonate levels.
3. How can I increase bicarbonate levels naturally?
   Consuming bicarbonate-rich foods like fruits and vegetables and staying well-hydrated can help.
4. Can bicarbonate levels be too high?
   Yes, high levels may indicate alkalosis, which can result from vomiting or excessive bicarbonate supplementation.
5. How is an HCO3 imbalance treated?
   Treatment typically involves dietary changes, medications, or addressing specific conditions like kidney or lung disease.

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