Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein produced by granulosa cells of ovarian follicles in females and by Sertoli cells in males. In women, AMH reflects ovarian reserve and is essential for follicle development; in men, it contributes to sexual differentiation during fetal development and indicates Sertoli cell function.
Normal Reference Ranges
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Women (ng/mL)
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High: ≥ 6.8
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Normal: 1.0 – 6.8
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Low: 0.7 – 0.9
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Very Low: 0.3 – 0.6
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Undetectable: < 0.3
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Men (ng/mL)
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0.7 – 19.0
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Clinical Uses
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Ovarian Reserve Assessment: Guides in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols and predicts ovarian response to stimulation.
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Elevated AMH suggests excess small antral follicles.
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Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Low or undetectable AMH indicates diminished reserve.
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Men’s Reproductive Health: Evaluates Sertoli cell function and disorders of sexual development.
Associated Conditions
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High AMH: PCOS, ovarian granulosa cell tumors
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Low AMH: Advanced maternal age, chemotherapy‐induced ovarian damage, primary ovarian insufficiency
Symptoms & Implications
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Women:
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High AMH (PCOS): Irregular cycles, acne, hirsutism
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Low AMH: Poor response to fertility treatment, early menopause signs
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Men:
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Low levels may reflect impaired spermatogenesis or testicular dysfunction
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Diagnostic Testing
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Sample: Serum by blood draw
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Timing: Can be measured any day of the menstrual cycle
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Co‐tests: Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and antral follicle count (AFC) via ultrasound
Frequently Asked Questions
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Why measure AMH?
To estimate the number of remaining ovarian follicles and tailor fertility treatments. -
Can AMH predict pregnancy?
It predicts ovarian response but does not guarantee pregnancy success. -
Does age affect AMH?
Yes, AMH naturally declines with age. -
Is fasting required?
No, fasting is not necessary. -
How often should AMH be tested?
Typically once when evaluating fertility; repeat testing may be advised if circumstances change.
