Albumin

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Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood plasma, synthesized by the liver. It maintains oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure—preventing fluid leakage from vessels—and transports hormones, vitamins, drugs, and free fatty acids. It also supports tissue growth, repair, and overall homeostasis.

Why Measure Albumin?

• Liver function: Low albumin often reflects impaired hepatic synthesis (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatitis).
• Kidney function: Hypoalbuminemia can signal excessive renal loss (nephrotic syndrome).
• Nutritional status: Chronic malnutrition or inflammation lowers albumin.
• Hydration status: Dehydration may falsely raise serum albumin.

Normal vs. Abnormal Levels

• Normal range: 3.5–5.0 g/dL
• Hypoalbuminemia (< 3.5 g/dL): Indicates liver/kidney disease, malnutrition, inflammation.
• Hyperalbuminemia (> 5.0 g/dL): Rare; usually due to dehydration.

Clinical Implications

Level Change	Common Causes	Symptoms & Risks
Low albumin	Liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition, chronic inflammation	Edema, ascites, fatigue, delayed wound healing, increased infection risk
High albumin	Dehydration, hemoconcentration	Generally asymptomatic; resolves with rehydration

Test Procedure & Preparation

1. Fasting: Not required.
2. Sample: Single blood draw.
3. Turnaround: 1–2 days.

Supporting Healthy Albumin Levels

• Protein-rich diet: Eggs, dairy, lean meats, fish, legumes, nuts.
• Adequate hydration: Prevents hemoconcentration.
• Manage chronic conditions: Control liver, kidney disease, and inflammation.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What does a low albumin level mean?
   – Often points to liver or kidney dysfunction, malnutrition, or chronic inflammation.
2. How can I raise my albumin levels?
   – Consume high-quality protein, address underlying health issues, and ensure adequate caloric intake.
3. Can dehydration affect my albumin test?
   – Yes—dehydration concentrates blood, artificially elevating albumin.
4. Is hypoalbuminemia dangerous?
   – It can lead to edema, poor wound healing, and a higher risk of infections.
5. Do I need to fast for an albumin test?
   – No fasting is necessary for accurate results.

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